|
Catheter-associated UTI
Definition
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection from using tubes (catheters) that drain urine from the body.
Alternative Names
UTI - associated with a catheter; Urinary tract infection - associated with a catheter
Causes
The presence of a catheter within the urinary tract increases the likelihood of urinary tract infection. It may also increase the difficulty of treating the infection.
If a urinary catheter is left in place for long periods of time, bacteria will inevitably grow in it. A harmful infection may occur if the number of bacteria becomes large or if specific pathologic bacteria grow in the urinary tract.
Symptoms
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
* Often in an elderly person, mental changes, or confusion are the only signs of a possible urinary tract infection.
Exams and Tests
- A urinalysis may show white blood cells (WBCs) or red blood cells (RBCs).
- A urine culture maybe performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine and the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.
Treatment
Mild cases of acute UTI may disappear spontaneously without treatment. However, because of the risk of the infection spreading to the kidneys (complicated UTI), treatment is usually recommended.
In most cases, treatment can be done on an outpatient basis.
MEDICATIONS
Antibiotics may be used to control the bacterial infection. It is very important that the patient finish all of prescribed antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include:
- Nitrofurantoin
- Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides)
- Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)
- Penicillins (amoxicillin)
- Cephalosporins
- Tetracyclines (doxycycline)
- Fluoroquinolones (levaquin)
Medications to relax the bladder spasms (anti-cholinergics) may also be given.
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) may be used to reduce burning and urinary urgency.
SURGERY
Surgery is generally not needed for catheter-related urinary tract infection. However, chronic in-body catheters (Foley or suprapubic tube) should be changed every month. Proper sterile techniques must be used.
DIET
Increasing the amount of fluids to 2,000 to 4,000 cc per day encourages frequent urination, which flushes the bacteria from the bladder. Avoid fluids that irritate the bladder such as alcohol, citrus juices, and caffeine.
MONITORING
Follow-up may include urine cultures to ensure that bacteria are no longer present in the bladder.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Cystitis associated with catheters is often difficult to treat. Most people who have a catheter in place for any period of time will develop some degree of cystitis.
Possible Complications
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate cystitis or a catheter-related UTI might be present.
If you have cystitis, call if symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, especially fever, back or flank pain, and vomiting.
Prevention
Prevention starts with the health care provider. Except in special circumstances, all urinary catheters should be placed in a sterile fashion. Insertion of a non-sterile catheter or using a non-sterile technique is much more likely to result in a urinary tract infection.
Routine care of the indwelling catheter MUST include daily cleansing of the urethral area and the catheter with soap and water. The area should also be thoroughly cleansed after all bowel movements to prevent infection. Experts no longer recommend using antimicrobial ointments around the catheter as they have not been shown to actually reduce infections.
The person who has an indwelling catheter in place should increase fluid intake to 3,000 cc of fluid per day, unless there is a medical condition that prohibits this increase. Also, the drainage bag must always be lower than the bladder to prevent a backup of urine back up into the bladder.
The drainage device should be emptied at least every eight hours or when the device is full. Care must be taken to keep the outlet valve from becoming infected. Wash your hands before and after handling the drainage device.
Sometimes a low-dose antibiotic is given on a daily basis to control bacterial growth in people with indwelling catheters. Additionally, cranberry juice or vitamin C may be recommended to help prevent UTIs.
Saint S. Biofilms and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003; 17(2): 411-32.
Walsh PC. Campbell's Urology. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2002:1863.
Email to a Friend
Typical mistypes for Catheter-associated UTI
xatheter-associated uti, vatheter-associated uti, fatheter-associated uti, datheter-associated uti, cztheter-associated uti, cstheter-associated uti, cwtheter-associated uti, cqtheter-associated uti, carheter-associated uti, cafheter-associated uti, cagheter-associated uti, cayheter-associated uti, ca6heter-associated uti, ca5heter-associated uti, catgeter-associated uti, catbeter-associated uti, catneter-associated uti, catjeter-associated uti, catueter-associated uti, catyeter-associated uti, cathwter-associated uti, cathster-associated uti, cathdter-associated uti, cathrter-associated uti, cath4ter-associated uti, cath3ter-associated uti, catherer-associated uti, cathefer-associated uti, catheger-associated uti, catheyer-associated uti, cathe6er-associated uti, cathe5er-associated uti, cathetwr-associated uti, cathetsr-associated uti, cathetdr-associated uti, cathetrr-associated uti, cathet4r-associated uti, cathet3r-associated uti, cathetee-associated uti, catheted-associated uti, cathetef-associated uti, cathetet-associated uti, cathete5-associated uti, cathete4-associated uti, catheter0associated uti, catheterpassociated uti, catheter-zssociated uti, catheter-sssociated uti, catheter-wssociated uti, catheter-qssociated uti, catheter-aasociated uti, catheter-azsociated uti, catheter-axsociated uti, catheter-adsociated uti, catheter-aesociated uti, catheter-awsociated uti, catheter-asaociated uti, catheter-aszociated uti, catheter-asxociated uti, catheter-asdociated uti, catheter-aseociated uti, catheter-aswociated uti, catheter-assiciated uti, catheter-asskciated uti, catheter-asslciated uti, catheter-asspciated uti, catheter-ass0ciated uti, catheter-ass9ciated uti, catheter-assoxiated uti, catheter-assoviated uti, catheter-assofiated uti, catheter-assodiated uti, catheter-assocuated uti, catheter-assocjated uti, catheter-assockated uti, catheter-assocoated uti, catheter-assoc9ated uti, catheter-assoc8ated uti, catheter-associzted uti, catheter-associsted uti, catheter-associwted uti, catheter-associqted uti, catheter-associared uti, catheter-associafed uti, catheter-associaged uti, catheter-associayed uti, catheter-associa6ed uti, catheter-associa5ed uti, catheter-associatwd uti, catheter-associatsd uti, catheter-associatdd uti, catheter-associatrd uti, catheter-associat4d uti, catheter-associat3d uti, catheter-associates uti, catheter-associatex uti, catheter-associatec uti, catheter-associatef uti, catheter-associater uti, catheter-associatee uti, catheter-associated yti, catheter-associated hti, catheter-associated jti, catheter-associated iti, catheter-associated 8ti, catheter-associated 7ti, catheter-associated uri, catheter-associated ufi, catheter-associated ugi, catheter-associated uyi, catheter-associated u6i, catheter-associated u5i, catheter-associated utu, catheter-associated utj, catheter-associated utk, catheter-associated uto, catheter-associated ut9, catheter-associated ut8, atheter-associated uti, ctheter-associated uti, caheter-associated uti, cateter-associated uti, cathter-associated uti, catheer-associated uti, cathetr-associated uti, cathete-associated uti, catheterassociated uti, catheter-ssociated uti, catheter-asociated uti, catheter-asociated uti, catheter-assciated uti, catheter-assoiated uti, catheter-assocated uti, catheter-associted uti, catheter-associaed uti, catheter-associatd uti, catheter-associate uti, catheter-associateduti, catheter-associated ti, catheter-associated ui, catheter-associated ut, actheter-associated uti, ctaheter-associated uti, cahteter-associated uti, catehter-associated uti, cathteer-associated uti, catheetr-associated uti, cathetre-associated uti, cathete-rassociated uti, cathetera-ssociated uti, catheter-sasociated uti, catheter-asosciated uti, catheter-asscoiated uti, catheter-assoicated uti, catheter-assocaited uti, catheter-associtaed uti, catheter-associaetd uti, catheter-associatde uti, catheter-associate duti, catheter-associatedu ti, catheter-associated tui, catheter-associated uit, ccatheter-associated uti, caatheter-associated uti, cattheter-associated uti, cathheter-associated uti, catheeter-associated uti, cathetter-associated uti, catheteer-associated uti, catheterr-associated uti, catheter--associated uti, catheter-aassociated uti, catheter-asssociated uti, catheter-asssociated uti, catheter-assoociated uti, catheter-assocciated uti, catheter-associiated uti, catheter-associaated uti, catheter-associatted uti, catheter-associateed uti, catheter-associatedd uti, catheter-associated uti, catheter-associated uuti, catheter-associated utti, catheter-associated utii, etc.
|
|
|
